THE COURSE "LABOUR PROTECTION"

Lecture 1

The purpose of subject "Labour Protection" is to give future engineers the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for resolving issues related to providing safe and friendly environment in the development and use of new equipment and technological processes, in production which exclude negative effect on humans and surrounding natural environment. The scientific content of the course consists of theoretical and practical bases of labour protection management in terms of production, methods of prevention and protection of workers from dangerous and harmful working conditions.

As a result of studying the course "Labour Protection" student should know: ▫ legislations and regulations on labor protection; ▫ concept of labour protection organization in the state and industry; ▫ duties and responsibilities of enterprises (organizations) and their departments to ensure healthy and safe working conditions of workers; ▫ basic international documents on labour protection; ▫ methods and means of normative parameters of dangerous and harmful factors. As a result of studying the course "Labour Protection" student should be able to: ▫ deal with labour protection problems at the workplace (the organization); ▫ use regulations and provide safe conditions and safe workplace; ▫ identify hazardous and harmful production factors, coming along with the workplace; ▫ organize and participate in the investigation of accidents at work.

The list of subjects necessary for students for mastering "Labour Protection” course: The academic subjects necessary for students for mastering "Labour Protection” course include: ─ Physics; ─ Chemistry; ─ Basics of Ecology; ─ Safety of Living; ─ Socio-economic Subjects; ─ General Technical Subjects. Structural logic scheme of the course and its place in the system of science in life safety The study of the course "Labour Protection” must be started with awareness of it among other subjects, which also addresses issues of human safety in terms of employment.

Structural logic scheme is the basis for drafting software training courses and textbooks or manuals. "Basics of Labor Protection” belong to the scientific field of "Life Safety ", which also include subjects related to the safety of human and natural environment, and those elements of the human environment that may threaten their life and health. "Life Safety", "Basics of Labor Protection”, "Labour Protection in Industry”, "Basics of Ecology”, "Civil Defense” – these are subject of significant direction. They have a common theme that can be more or less reflected in programs. The main aim of the departments that give these courses is the most complete and optimal program aimed at rational and productive use of the allotted training time. Therefore, we need to minimize repetition, duplication of subjects already given in other subjects. The presentation of the material should consider the knowledge acquired by students in high school and previous courses, and on this basis to develop them further. But we must take into account that these subjects are taught at different levels of qualification, where they should provide appropriate to this level quality of knowledge. So, bachelors study the "Basics of Ecology", "Safety of living" and "Basics of Labor Protection”, and specialists (masters) study "Basics of Labour Protection in the industry" and "Civil Defense ".

Terms of labour protection system management According to the definition of science "Safety of living”, system of labour protection combines a set of legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and medical interventions aimed at preserving the health and disability rights at work. The object of management is the machinery, technological processes, enterprises, industries, areas of human activity and so on. Elements of management of this facility are: monitoring of the object, determining the necessary tasks, matching tasks, development of administrative actions, implementation of management actions, monitoring of administrative actions (feedback) and others. Considering the labour protection management from these positions, labour protection system management (LPSM) is the most comprehensive set of labour protection systems and control elements of its condition. In other words, the labour protection management is preparation, adoption and implementation of measures to protect life and health of workers at work. However, LPSM acts as a functional subsystem of control systems in the economic complex of Ukraine in general. Considering the labour protection system management at the state level, it should be noted such features as complex and multifunctional LPSM on a particular object is a multi-control system with the state top control level and with a particular area in a particular shop or business low control level. Depending on the ownership and subordination of the object intermediate levels of management may take departmental, regional administration and management or enterprise management, etc.

The main LPSM structural components are: ─ object of management which is labour protection system on a particular enterprise, association, in the region, in Ukraine in general; ─ elements of management, including control of the facility, development of administrative actions and their implementation, monitoring the implementation of administrative actions, analysis of similar facilities, forming health and work performance tasks, comparing ratios. In addition to administrative actions, the state of labour protection is affected by various disturbing influences Z as a result of real political and socio-economic processes and they are often of random, unpredictable nature, and sometimes can be predictable in advance. These influences, for example, include structural changes in economics, development of privatization processes, creating new forms and methods of management, development of small and medium businesses, the introduction of social insurance against accidents and industrial diseases at work, etc.. This facilitates appropriate management decisions to avoid adverse effects or enhance the positive effect of the disturbing influence, which has undergone a management object.

According to the Law on Labour Protection, public labour protection management in Ukraine is done by: - Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; - Specially authorized government body of state management of labor protection – State Committee on Labour Inspection, which is a part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (State Labour Protection Ispection); - At industrial level ─ ministries and other central bodies of executive power; - At regional level ─ the local administrations and local governments. Cabinet of Ministers and State Labour Protection Inspection of Ukraine manage labour protection at the state level. Certain national administrative functions are delegated to the Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Management influence on labour protection in certain sectors in certain regions and enterprises, these authorities may exercise directly or through industry bodies, regional labour protection management bodies and labour protection management bodies of separate companies or associations. Other state administration bodies provide the implementation of the government policy of labor protection at the regional or industrial level. In this part of labour protection state management on the one hand, certain administrative functions of management overlap and duplicate, on the other, with insufficient coordination of the management some gaps and omissions are possible at work. The structure of labour protection management in industries

The structure of labour protection management in industries is established by laws on labour protection management by ministry, state committee, group, corporation or other business association formed by the sectoral principle, agreed with State Labour Protection Inspection. The organizational structure of labour protection management depends on the industry, industry structure management, existing traditions, relations at work and the prevailing relations in management structure. In the central office of the Ministry of Labor the Labour Protection Service is established, which is subordinated to the Deputy Minister, Head of State, Head of Corporation and other enterprises. Labour Protection Service provides the following key features: ♣ developing effective integrated labour protection management system; ♣ conducting urgent methodical management of labour protection; ♣ organizing the providing of manuals, standards, rules, instructions and other regulations on labor protection; ♣ organizing accounting, analysis of accidents, industrial diseases and accidents in the industry, as well as damage of these events. Labour Protection Service is completed as a rule by specialists in the following field: - Engineers of the certain professions; - Experts on occupational health; - Lawyers, specializing on the health and safety legislation. Labour Protection Service may include laboratories that monitors hazardous working factors at workplace.

Labour Protection management at the regional level The main goals of labour protection management at the regional level within the appropriate territories in accordance with the Law of Labor Protection are put on local administrations and councils of deputies who: ◊ probide implementation of state policies on labour protection; ◊ form with participation of trade unions programs of activities in labour protection, medical intervention in the working environment that are cross-sectored; ◊ have to organize regional rescue formation; ◊ monitor upholding to the regulations on labor protection; ◊ set the necessary funds for labour protection. To perform these functions local authorities provide appropriate structural units ─ labour protection services of local state administrations and municipal executive councils. Labour Protection Service is a subdivision of local governments that is conducted by the head of state administration. Its activities labour protection service shall conduct with businesses, institutions and organizations located within the appropriate territory, but first of all with those that belong to the management of state administration, private ownership enterprises. This is primarily objects of communal property, small and medium businesses located in the appropriate territory.

Labour Protection Service, with other departments of state administration performs the following main functions: ● developing an effective integrated regional system of injury prevention of non-productive nature and organizing information support on these issues; ● preparing proposals for introduction of science and technology, increasing the level of injury prevention of non-productive nature, and presenting them to the state administration; ● conducting urgent methodical management of labour protection; ● receiving information about businesses that are at state registration according to the established procedure; ● organizing providing of regional enterprises with rules, standards, instructions and other regulations on labor protection; ● organizing accounting, analysis of accidents, industrial diseases and accidents in the region, as well as damage of these events; ● helping businesses in the region to organize labour protection; ● supporting the implementation of the science and advanced technology, modern means of collective and individual protection of workers at the regional enterprises that would provide the reduction of injury accidents in the region and are aimed at creating a safe and friendly working conditions; ● coordinating labour protection activities with the regional social insurance against accidents and industrial diseases at workplace; ● considering letters, statements and complaints of employees on labour protection; ● promoting the best domestic and foreign experience in labour protection and promoting safe and friendly working conditions. Structure of labour protection services in the region depends on the specific characteristics of the region: its administrative division, the specific characteristics of its structure and their saturation with state enterprises and private ownership, the traditions that formed and established relationships between administrative units of the region . To coordinate all activities on the life safety of the population of regions, including labour protection, regional state administrations establish regional councils on life safety, and in the office of Regional State Administration – Department of Labor. Similar units are organized at district administrations. For labour protection management in the cities the labour protection departments are established (Labor and Social Affairs) by the city councils of deputies.